Oviductal isthmus light microscopic changes induced by clomiphene citrate in albino rats

Clomiphene citrate [CC] therapy for cases of infertility has been linked to increased incidence of tubal ectopic pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the histological changes produced by CC in the isthmus portion of albino rat oviducts. Twenty adult female albino rats were divided into three groups. The first was the control group. The second group received 1 mg/kg/day CC for 4 days, whereas the third group was allowed a recovery period after receiving CC. The oviductal isthmus sections were stained by H and E, periodic acid-Schiff [PAS], and caspase for light microscopic examinations. An image analyzer was used and the measured data were recorded and statistically analyzed. The CC intake led to increased thickness of the oviductal isthmus lining epithelium, as well as to hyperplasia, bridging, and reduction of the lumen diameter. Furthermore, many degenerative and apoptotic changes as well as significant increase in the PAS optical density and caspase reaction area percentage of the lining epithelium were detected. Also, the isthmic sections of the recovery group revealed increased wall thickness, epithelial degenerative changes, and hyperplasia, in addition to significant reduction in the lumen diameter leading to tubal obstruction. Significant increase in the PAS optical density of the lining epithelium was detected, but its caspase reaction area percentage showed insignificant change compared with the control group sections. This study suggests that CC administration for 4 days at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day induces damage to the albino rat oviductal isthmus that could predispose to occurrence of ectopic pregnancy and that progressively developed despite stoppage of the drug

Role of losartan on the renal cortex damage induced by cisplatin in adult male albino rats

Cisplatin is a potent anticancer agent for the treatment of solid tumors, but its use is limited by its adverse effects. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of losartan on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Twenty-five male albino rats were divided into four groups. The first was the control group. Group II received a single injection of cisplatin. Group III received losartan for 6 days. Group IV received a single injection of cisplatin in addition to losartan ingestion for 6 days. Renal tissues were prepared for light and transmission electron microscopic examinations. Glomerular diameter and cell number were measured by means of an image analyzer. Also, glomerular capillary basement membrane [GBM] thickness, filtration slit width, and pedicel length were recorded and statistically analyzed. The renal cortical sections of group II rats showed loss of normal appearance of renal corpuscles with enlarged glomeruli and increased glomerular cellularity. Degenerative changes and necrosis of the lining cells of proximal convoluted tubule were noted. Intertubular hemorrhage and cellular infiltration were detected. Electron microscopic examination revealed fusion of the foot processes with significant increase in the thickness of GBM and filtration slit width. Damage of proximal convoluted tubule cells was seen more than damage of distal convoluted tubules. The renal cortical sections of group III rats showed vacuolated cytoplasm of some tubules lining cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed some ultrastructural changes in the distal convoluted tubule lining cells. Most of the renal corpuscles of rats treated with losartan and cisplatin appeared normal, with presence of some enlarged corpuscles as well as cytoplasmic vacuolation of the tubular cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed a significant decrease in GBM thickness and filtration slit width in comparison with cisplatin-received rats. From this study, it was obvious that losartan ameliorates the histological changes induced by cisplatin given at a dose of 3 mg/kg in adult male rats

effect of smoking on bone healing [combined experimental and clininical study]

The goal of this study was to assess effect of cigarette smoking on bone-healing after fracture both experimentally and clinically. Twenty-four adult male albino rats were randomly divided into control [8 rats] and experimental [16 rats] groups. Unilateral closed fracture was done in the left tibia of the experimental animals under general anaesthesia. The experimental group was divided into two equal subgroups. The first one was left under normal condition for four weeks. The second subgroup was exposed to daily intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation for the same period. At the appropriate date, all rats of control and experimental groups were sacrificed. Antero-posterior radiographs were taken to demonstrate degree of healing in both experimental subgroups. Histological examination was done to assess the degree of healing. On the other hand, during the period between 1[st] January to 31[th] December 2005, 73 patients with closed fracture tibias treated with interlocking nail in Tanta University hospitals, Egypt were included in this study and followed up after classification according to their smoking habits. Radiologically; four weeks post fracture, there was complete tibial healing in the smoke unexposed subgroup whereas the smoke exposed subgroup showed partial bone healing. Histologically; There is definite delayed healing in the group exposed to intermittent smoke inhalation. In the clinical study, it was found that there is significant difference in the mean duration of healing between the two groups. Likewise, there was a 69% delay in radiographic union in the smokers group. This study suggests that intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation delayes, but does not prevent bone healing after fracture so that smoking history should be considered in fracture patient

Effect of food consistency on the structure of parotid gland of adult male albino rat: histological and immunohistochemical study

Eighteen adult male albino rats were employed to investigate the histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes in the parotid gland after feeding with liquid diet. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the significance of mastication on the structure of parotid glands. The rats were divided into three groups, six rats each. Group I [control]: the animals were fed the hard and liquefied diet. Group II: the animals were fed a liquefied diet only for ten days. Group III: were fed the liquid diet for ten days then the hard diet for one week. After anesthesia, small pieces of the parotid gland were processed for paraffin sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, and avidin-biotin complex technique for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Ultrathin sections were prepared for electron microscopic examination. After liquid diet feeding [Group II], the parotid gland revealed disorganized acini and change in the nuclear shape in the acinar cells. Group III revealed multiple round clear areas in the cytoplasm of acinar cells with large rounded nuclei and some mitotic figures. Immunohistochemically, the liquid diet feeding has resulted in a higher concentration of actin-positive cells in the glandular tissue than in the control group. These actin-positive reactions have later been decreased and appeared as a few positive reactions at the acinar periphery after hard diet re-feeding [Group III]. Ultrastructurally, after liquid diet feeding, the acinar cells showed an apparent decrease in the number of secretory granules. In group III, the heterogeneous secretory granules were seen in some acinar cells. These results demonstrate that the morphology of the parotid serous acini depends on the masticatory reflex stimulation, and suggest that mastication plays an important role in the regeneration of the parotid glands